[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.pampaliny.cz\/zachranari-v-bilem\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.pampaliny.cz\/zachranari-v-bilem\/","headline":"Z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159i v b\u00edl\u00e9m","name":"Z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159i v b\u00edl\u00e9m","description":"V\u011bd\u011bli jste, \u017ee b\u00edl\u00e9 my\u0161i maj\u00ed sochu? M\u016f\u017eete ji naj\u00edt v rusk\u00e9m Novosibirsku, kde ji nechal...","datePublished":"2019-10-15","dateModified":"2023-05-22","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.pampaliny.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.pampaliny.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9994033610bfa8d5c75e7c2dd1b5bdd54900f4ed2e7e5c6722d4887246e31af4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9994033610bfa8d5c75e7c2dd1b5bdd54900f4ed2e7e5c6722d4887246e31af4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"pampaliny.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.pampaliny.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a356430_w3869_t1570968916.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.pampaliny.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a356430_w3869_t1570968916.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.pampaliny.cz\/zachranari-v-bilem\/","about":["V\u011bda"],"wordCount":448,"articleBody":"V\u011bd\u011bli jste, \u017ee b\u00edl\u00e9 my\u0161i maj\u00ed sochu? M\u016f\u017eete ji naj\u00edt v rusk\u00e9m Novosibirsku, kde ji nechal postavit tam\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd institut cytologie a genetiky. Tento \u010din je jedn\u00edm ze st\u0159\u00edpk\u016f, kter\u00e9 vypov\u00eddaj\u00ed o tom, jak moc si v\u011bdci t\u011bchto tvor\u016f cen\u00ed. A maj\u00ed pro\u010d.\tGenetick\u00fd model \u010dlov\u011bka\tMy\u0161 \u017eije v bl\u00edzkosti lidsk\u00fdch obydl\u00ed u\u017e cel\u00fdch 15 000 let. D\u00edky sv\u00e9mu krat\u0161\u00edmu \u017eivotu a rychl\u00e9 reprodukci p\u0159edstavuje ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pokusn\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159e, kter\u00e9 nav\u00edc s \u010dlov\u011bkem sd\u00edl\u00ed neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch 98% DNA. S jejich pomoc\u00ed jsou testov\u00e1ny mnoh\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky a l\u00e9ky. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm se ale pod\u00edlej\u00ed na v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoji, a to terapi\u00ed rakoviny po\u010d\u00ednaje, a zkoum\u00e1n\u00edm efekt\u016f cestov\u00e1n\u00ed ve vesm\u00edru kon\u010de.\tNepostradateln\u00e1 pro v\u00fdzkum\tZe zv\u00ed\u0159at pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch k pokus\u016fm p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed tito drobn\u00ed hlodavci dle evropsk\u00fdch statistik zhruba 60%. V \u010dem vedou nad jin\u00fdmi zv\u00ed\u0159aty? Krom\u011b vysok\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 podobnosti s \u010dlov\u011bkem maj\u00ed kr\u00e1tk\u00fd genera\u010dn\u00ed cyklus a mnoho potomk\u016f. To v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016fm umo\u017e\u0148uje nejen rychleji zjistit dopad zkouman\u00e9 l\u00e1tky na potomstvo, ale usnad\u0148uje i samotn\u00fd chov.\t\tZdrav\u00ed versus etika\tP\u0159esto\u017ee je vyu\u017eit\u00ed my\u0161ek ve v\u00fdzkumu nutn\u00e9, snad v\u0161ichni civilizovan\u00ed lid\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, \u017ee zv\u00ed\u0159e nen\u00ed v\u011bc, a \u017ee prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 experimenty \u010dasto zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at\u016fm utrpen\u00ed. Proto se st\u00e1le mno\u017e\u00ed snahy o nahrazen\u00ed hlodavc\u016f ve v\u00fdzkumu nap\u0159\u00edklad po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdmi modely, nebo tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00fdmi kulturami. To ale nen\u00ed provediteln\u00e9 u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu. Pokud je pou\u017eit\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at nutn\u00e9, sna\u017e\u00ed se v\u011bdci dr\u017eet principu 3R.\tReplacement, reduction a refinement\tPrincip 3R se sna\u017e\u00ed hledat kompromis mezi nutnost\u00ed experiment\u016f na zv\u00ed\u0159atech a etick\u00fdm hlediskem t\u00e9to pot\u0159eby. Replacement, neboli nahrazen\u00ed, v praxi znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zv\u00ed\u0159ata vyu\u017eijeme opravdu pouze k \u00fakon\u016fm, ke kter\u00fdm je to zcela nutn\u00e9. Reduction, tedy sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed po\u010dtu, zase nab\u00e1d\u00e1 k pou\u017eit\u00ed co nejmen\u0161\u00edho po\u010dtu zv\u00ed\u0159at. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 ale mus\u00edme m\u00edt dostate\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det v\u00fdsledk\u016f k tomu, aby byl v\u00fdzkum platn\u00fd. Refinement, do \u010de\u0161tiny p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1no jako zjemn\u011bn\u00ed, potom znamen\u00e1 snahu vytvo\u0159it zv\u00ed\u0159at\u016fm co nejlep\u0161\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed podm\u00ednky a minimalizaci jejich nepohodl\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad tlumen\u00edm bolesti a anestezi\u00ed, pokud je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed experimentu chirurgick\u00fd z\u00e1krok.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.2\/5 - (9 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159i v b\u00edl\u00e9m","item":"https:\/\/www.pampaliny.cz\/zachranari-v-bilem\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]